The marasmioid species, Marasmius collinus (Scop.) Singer, belonging to the family Marasmiaceae, is given as new record for the mycobiota of Turkey from Sarikamis Allahukeber Mountains National Park (Kars/Erzurum). A brief description of the taxon is given together with its photographs related to macro and micromorphologies.

In the present study, ethanol extracts obtained from Satureja cilicica P. H. Davis, Satureja cuneifolia Ten, Satureja hortensis L., Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss., Satureja thymbra L. and Satureja montana L. were tested against on the adults and larvae of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824)). The experiments were conducted in glass Petri dishes and vacuum desiccators including 15 individual for each period with three replicates under laboratory conditions. 10, 15 and 20 mg/mL doses of ethanol extracts conducted in the Petri dishes and the desiccators showed that depending on concentration increase and duration of exposure time resulted between 2.22-100% toxic effects on the potato beetle larvae and adults. In Petri trials, the highest mortality rate was recorded as 100% for the second larval stage at the 20 mg/mL dose of S. spicigera ethanol extract after 96 hours the treatment. In desiccator experiments, the highest toxicity rate was determined as 100% for first larval stage at the 20 mg/mL dose of S. thymbra ethanol extract after 96 hours of the application. In addition to, when LD values of the ethanol extracts were taken into account the highest toxicity of adult period was determined for S. thymbra extract (LD25: 0.000, LD50: 0.010 µL/insect), the lowest toxicity was determined for S. cilicica extract (LD90: 436.020 µL/insect). The results obtained from this study suggested that the ethanol extracts of tested Satureja L. species could be used for L. decemlineata larvae and adults as bio-larvicides and insecticides.

In the present study, the rare species of the city Samsun which distributed in sand dune ecosystem were investigated. The study was carried out in the localities Çobanyatagi (Terme), Sindel, Hürriyet and Costal (Çarsamba), Cernek, Sahilkent (Bafra) and Doyran (Alaçam) of Samsun sand dune. Sand dune communities were sampled from April 2010 to July 2012 by using minimal area method in 16 m2 plots. The coastal sand dunes of Çobanyatagi, Sindel, Cernek, Sahilkent (Bafra) and Doyran (Alaçam) is consist of upper beach/driftline, primary/embryonic, main, transitional and, fixed dune zones ) while the fixed zone is totally disappeared and transitional zone is significantly interrupted in the localities Costal and Hürriyet especially due to the building settlement. Rare species on each coastal dune zones in all localities were determined according to the rarity index formula. As a result, each locality was assessed independently, and it is indicated that the rarity index of 47 species is low.

Two basidiomycetous taxa, Conocybe velutipes (Velen.) Hauskn. & Svrcek and Entoloma ameides (Berk. & Broome) Sacc, were collected from Muradiye district of Van province and reported for the first time from Turkey. The macroscopic and microscopic features of the species were described briefly and the photographs related to their macro and micromorphologies were provided.

New specimens of four previously reported members of the family Phallaceae, Clathrus ruber P.Micheli ex Pers., Mutinus caninus (Huds.) Fr., Phallus impudicus L., and Pseudocolus fusiformis (E. Fisch.) Lloyd, were collected from Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. The samples were identified and brief descriptions were prepared. Current and newly determined localities of the collected species were provided together with the photographs related to their macro and micromorphologies.

Cultivated or wild edible mushroom species have traditionally been used by humans for medical purposes for many years. Edible mushrooms have the potential to show different activities due to the numerous bioactive components they contain. In particular, some mushroom species whose regulatory properties have been identified on human immunity are of interest in the scientific world. Considering these characteristics of edible mushroom species, in the present study, it was examined the effects of Suillus collinitus (Fr.) Kuntze, an important edible mushroom species, on human peripheral lymphocytes. For this purpose, acetone and water extracts were obtained from S. collinitus and the effects of these extracts on genotoxicity and proliferation of human lymphocytes were tested by chromosome aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN), nuclear division index (NBI) and mitotic index (MI) analyses. When genotoxicity analyses were examined, it was found that none of the tested extract applications (1-100 mg/L) did not change the CA and MN frequencies statistically (p > 0.05) compared to the negative control group. Proliferation analyses showed that only the maximum concentration (100 mg/L) application of acetone extract of S. collinitus decreased the NBI and MI ratio of the cells at a level of p < 0.05 compared to the negative control group. The obtained results revealed that the acetone and water extracts of S. collinitus, especially the applications at concentrations of 1-50 mg/L, did not show any genotoxic or cytotoxic activity on lymphocytes involved in the human immune system.

Indigenous vegetables are native to or originating from a particular region or ecosystem. Indigenous vegetables may have evolved from foreign plants introduced to the region from another geographical area over a long period of time. Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch. (sawah lettuce, velvet leaf) had an enormous impact on agriculture and food systems all over the world especially has been identified as exotic weed invasion. This plant appears in the aquatic environment and included in the Limnocharitaceae family. Yellow Velvetleaf (L. flava) has been utilised in Indonesia as vegetable and animal feed. Processing of this plants is done by steaming, boiling, and stirfrying. Young leaves with petioles and young, unopened inflorescences are eaten as a vegetable in Indonesia, especially in West Java region.

In this study, flower morphology and ontogeny of Turkish endemic Crataegus tanacetifolia (Lam.) Pers. (Rosaceae) were studied using stereo, light and scanning electron microscope. Crataegus tanacetifolia has corymb type of inflorescence which bears 5-10 hermaphrodite flowers. The first sign in appearance of the flowers is the differentiation of apical meristem as a roundish bulge. It transforms into the floral meristem which gives rise to floral organ primordia in advanced stages. Twenty stamen primordia differentiate as roundish bulge from the sides of floral meristem. Subsequently, the stamen primordia start stretching and differantiating into filaments and anthers respectively. After a short time of stamen initiation, 5 carpel primordia differentiate from the floral meristem. In following stages, the carpel primordia elongate and form an ovary with 5 loculi. During the ovary formation, 5 styles occur on the ovary and then stigmas evolve out of styles tips.

This study was carried out to determine the content of some minerals and fatty acids in Tricholomopsis rutilans (Schaeff.) Singer samples. Tricholomopsis rutilans is a saprophytic mushroom growing on or around conifer stumps and characterized by white spore print, yellow gills, a large yellow cap and yellow stipe entirely covered with red to purplish red scale and fibrils. It is an edible mushroom, although the taste is not nice. The analysed mushroom samples, were collected from different localities of Yozgat province during field trips between 2012-2016 years. Mineral analysis were performed by ICP-MS, and fatty acids were tested by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry system (GC-MS). Seven different fatty acids (miristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid) and six different minerals (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Mg, Na) have been determined in mushroom samples. Oleic and linoleic acid were the major fatty acids with proportions 39.04% and 37.09%, respectively. Na and Mg were found to be the most abundant minerals with 126.895 mgkg-1 and 754.605 mgkg-1, respectively among the determined minerals.